譯者：陳博文
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伊朗型號YM-1的爆破型人員殺傷性地雷。J. Rodsted攝影。 An Iranian YM-1 blast antipersonnel mine. Photo: J. Rodsted |
人員殺傷性地雷每日在世界各地造成無數的受難者。人員殺傷性地雷無法區辨軍人與兒童，而使在戰爭結束後，人員殺傷性地雷對平民仍然是一個很大的威脅。
Antipersonnel landmines claim victims in every corner of the globe each day. Incapable of distinguishing between the footfall of a soldier and that of a child, they remain a threat long after the end of a conflict.
人員殺傷性地雷是一種設計來傷人或殺人的爆炸性設備。人員殺傷性地雷可以在地表或地底潛伏數年到數十年，直到人或動物觸發引爆裝置。人員殺傷性地雷無法瞄準：它們不加選擇地殺害或傷害公民、軍人、和平製造者與援助工作者。
Antipersonnel landmines are explosive devices designed to injure or kill people. They lie dormant for years and even decades under, on or near the ground until a person or animal triggers their detonating mechanism. Antipersonnel mines cannot be aimed: they indiscriminately kill or injure civilians, soldiers, peacekeepers and aid workers alike.
人員殺傷性地雷由塑膠、金屬或其他物質所製作，包含了炸藥與彈片。他們可以由前述的壓力所引爆，或是藉由拉動電門上的金屬絲或燈絲、以無線電訊號或是其他遙控點火方式，或是設定人員在一定的距離內出現即引爆。
Made of plastic, metal or other materials, they contain explosives and some contain pieces of shrapnel. They can be activated by direct pressure from above, by pressure put on a wire or filament attached to a pull switch, by a radio signal or other remote firing method, or even simply by the proximity of a person within a predetermined distance.
地雷的引爆是會造成無法形容的傷害。爆炸所可能引起的傷害包含失明、燒傷、肢體毀壞與受彈片的傷害。有時候受難者會因為失血或因為沒有獲得即時的醫療照護而死亡。獲得醫療照護的生存者則可能需要截肢、長時間居住於醫院以及大量的復健。
When triggered, a landmine unleashes unspeakable destruction. The blast causes injuries like blindness, burns, destroyed limbs and shrapnel wounds. Sometimes the victim dies from the blast, due to loss of blood or because they don't get to medical care in time. Those who survive and receive medical treatment often require amputations, long hospital stays and extensive rehabilitation.
踩到爆破型人員殺傷性地雷無可避免的會造成腳或腿的傷害，常常也因為會感染而需要截肢。破片地雷會射出許多金屬碎片，造成受難者巨大的傷害。跳雷則具有更強大的殺傷力：它們會騰起大約一公尺 的距離然後爆炸，大範圍地射出金屬碎片。
Stepping on a blast antipersonnel mine will invariably cause foot and leg injuries, and secondary infections usually resulting in amputation. Fragmentation mines project hundreds of metal fragments, showering the victim with deep wounds. Bounding fragmentation mines are more powerful versions: they spring up about 1 meter and then explode, firing metal fragments to a large radius. |
型號MM-1的破片地雷（上）與MM-2爆破型人員殺傷性地雷（下）。「緬甸防衛產品工業」所製造的地雷，由孟加拉與緬甸邊境的反叛軍所挖出。Nonviolence Intl攝影。 An MM-1 fragmentation antipersonnel mine (upper) and an MM-2 blast antipersonnel mine (lower). Myanmar Defense Products Industries mines lifted by insurgents on Bangladesh-Burma border. Photo: Nonviolence Intl |
《禁雷公約》對於人員殺傷性地雷的定義是：一種藉由人的存在、接近或接觸而爆炸的地雷，而使一個人或多數人被殺死、傷害或使人無力。
The Mine Ban Treaty defines an antipersonnel mine as: "a mine designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill one or more persons." (Article 2.1)
地雷是無所不在的。根據地雷監督組織，國際上目前仍有66個國家與7個區域雖未被確認為雷區，但極可能已受地雷所影響。
Landmines are everywhere. According to Landmine Monitor, 66 states and seven areas not internationally recognized are confirmed or suspected to be mine-affected.
沒有人知道地底下有多少的地雷，但實際上數字的意義遠遠小於地雷所造成的衝擊：他們可能僅僅有兩到三個地雷或是僅僅懷疑他們的存在，但可致使一整片的土地無法被使用。
Nobody knows how many mines are in the ground. But the actual number is less important than their impact: it can take only two or three mines or the mere suspicion of their presence to render a patch of land unusable.
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